Using linux as a router
Level: - beginners
Platform: - RED hat Linux 9.0
Generally people who have worked mostly on windows find it tough to work on Linux. Linux is a great OS and has got amazing powers. If you want to use Linux and a router it is very simple. Just install two network cards on a pc and install Linux on it. After assigning IP addresses to both the NIC cards you need to enable IP forwarding.
ENABLING FORWARDING BETWEEN TWO NIC CARDS
==============================================
[root@TEST root]# echo "1" >> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Once you type the above command the default value of 0 changes to 1 as shown below.
[root@TEST root]# more /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1
Now connect two nic cards of Linux to two different networks and the routing between these two networks will be taken care by IP forwarding.
CONFIGUTRING VIRTUAL IP ADDRESSESS
If we have only one network card in Linux and would like to create say 8 networks and route between those 8 networks, sub interfaces is the answer. You can create as many sub interfaces as you desire
Let’s create following 8 networks.
172.31.117.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.118.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.119.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.120.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.121.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.122.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.123.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.124.0/255.255.255.0
Give the following commands to create these sub interfaces
ifconfig eth1 172.31.117.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:0 172.31.118.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:1 172.31.119.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:2 172.31.120.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:3 172.31.121.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:4 172.31.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:5 172.31.123.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:6 172.31.124.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
give the following commands
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
vi ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.117.255
IPADDR=172.31.117.1
NETWORK=172.31.117.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:1
DEVICE=eth1:1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.118.255
IPADDR=172.31.118.1
NETWORK=172.31.118.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:2
DEVICE=eth1:2
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.119.255
IPADDR=172.31.119.1
NETWORK=172.31.119.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:3
DEVICE=eth1:3
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.120.255
IPADDR=172.31.120.1
NETWORK=172.31.120.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:4
DEVICE=eth1:4
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.121.255
IPADDR=172.31.121.1
NETWORK=172.31.121.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:5
DEVICE=eth1:5
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.122.255
IPADDR=172.31.122.1
NETWORK=172.31.122.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:6
DEVICE=eth1:6
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.123.255
IPADDR=172.31.123.1
NETWORK=172.31.123.0
REBOOTING THE SYSTEM
==============================
/sbin/reboot
CHECK AFTER REBOOT
===============================
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:D0:B7:BE:BB:97
inet addr:172.16.100.162 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6622 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:572897 (559.4 Kb) TX bytes:273660 (267.2 Kb)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000 Memory:e9100000-e9100038
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.117.1 Bcast:172.31.117.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.118.1 Bcast:172.31.118.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.119.1 Bcast:172.31.119.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.120.1 Bcast:172.31.120.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.121.1 Bcast:172.31.121.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.122.1 Bcast:172.31.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.123.1 Bcast:172.31.123.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:6 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.124.1 Bcast:172.31.124.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1732 (1.6 Kb) TX bytes:1732 (1.6 Kb)
[root@localhost network-scripts]#
Level: - beginners
Platform: - RED hat Linux 9.0
Generally people who have worked mostly on windows find it tough to work on Linux. Linux is a great OS and has got amazing powers. If you want to use Linux and a router it is very simple. Just install two network cards on a pc and install Linux on it. After assigning IP addresses to both the NIC cards you need to enable IP forwarding.
ENABLING FORWARDING BETWEEN TWO NIC CARDS
==============================================
[root@TEST root]# echo "1" >> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Once you type the above command the default value of 0 changes to 1 as shown below.
[root@TEST root]# more /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1
Now connect two nic cards of Linux to two different networks and the routing between these two networks will be taken care by IP forwarding.
CONFIGUTRING VIRTUAL IP ADDRESSESS
If we have only one network card in Linux and would like to create say 8 networks and route between those 8 networks, sub interfaces is the answer. You can create as many sub interfaces as you desire
Let’s create following 8 networks.
172.31.117.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.118.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.119.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.120.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.121.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.122.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.123.0/255.255.255.0
172.31.124.0/255.255.255.0
Give the following commands to create these sub interfaces
ifconfig eth1 172.31.117.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:0 172.31.118.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:1 172.31.119.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:2 172.31.120.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:3 172.31.121.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:4 172.31.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:5 172.31.123.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth1:6 172.31.124.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
give the following commands
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
vi ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.117.255
IPADDR=172.31.117.1
NETWORK=172.31.117.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:1
DEVICE=eth1:1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.118.255
IPADDR=172.31.118.1
NETWORK=172.31.118.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:2
DEVICE=eth1:2
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.119.255
IPADDR=172.31.119.1
NETWORK=172.31.119.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:3
DEVICE=eth1:3
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.120.255
IPADDR=172.31.120.1
NETWORK=172.31.120.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:4
DEVICE=eth1:4
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.121.255
IPADDR=172.31.121.1
NETWORK=172.31.121.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:5
DEVICE=eth1:5
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.122.255
IPADDR=172.31.122.1
NETWORK=172.31.122.0
vi ifcfg-eth1:6
DEVICE=eth1:6
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=172.31.123.255
IPADDR=172.31.123.1
NETWORK=172.31.123.0
REBOOTING THE SYSTEM
==============================
/sbin/reboot
CHECK AFTER REBOOT
===============================
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:D0:B7:BE:BB:97
inet addr:172.16.100.162 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6622 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:572897 (559.4 Kb) TX bytes:273660 (267.2 Kb)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000 Memory:e9100000-e9100038
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.117.1 Bcast:172.31.117.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.118.1 Bcast:172.31.118.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.119.1 Bcast:172.31.119.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.120.1 Bcast:172.31.120.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.121.1 Bcast:172.31.121.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.122.1 Bcast:172.31.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.123.1 Bcast:172.31.123.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
eth1:6 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:61:B5:C4:60
inet addr:172.31.124.1 Bcast:172.31.124.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xd000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1732 (1.6 Kb) TX bytes:1732 (1.6 Kb)
[root@localhost network-scripts]#
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